Reduplication
The complete or partial repetition of one of the syllables in the word in replacement of the other syllable.
Age process starts to fade out:
2 Years
Age process should be eliminated by:
2.6 years
Phonological milestones
Consonant harmony
All consonants in a word are harmonised to share a similar characteristic such as where it is produced in the mouth.
Age process starts to fade out:
2 Years
Age process should be eliminated by:
3 years
“Emma playing games to make therapy sessions fun and engaging, whilst helping to develop sounds.”
Context sensitive voicing
All word initial consonants are voiced.
Age process starts to fade out:
2 Years
Age process should be eliminated by:
3 years
Devoicing
All word final consonants are voiceless.
Age process starts to fade out:
2 Years
Age process should be eliminated by:
3 years
Fronting
Place in the mouth were the sound is articulated is moved forward.
Age process starts to fade out:
2 Years
Age process should be eliminated by:
3.2 years
Final consonant deletion
The final consonant at the end of the word is not produced (omitted).
Age process starts to fade out:
2 Years
Age process should be eliminated by:
3 years
Cluster reduction
Reduction of a cluster sound such as ‘sp’ or ‘fl’.
Age process starts to fade out:
2 Years
Age process should be eliminated by:
3 years
Weak syllable deletion
When the unstressed syllable in a sound is not produced.
Age process starts to fade out:
2 Years
Age process should be eliminated by:
4 years
Stopping
Some consonant sounds that are produced as fricatives or approximants are stopped and produced as plosive sounds. /f/ /v/ /th/ /th/ /s/ /z/ /sh/ /ch/ /j/
Age process starts to fade out:
- /f/ – 2 years
- /v/ – 2 years
- /th/ – 2 years
- /th/ – 2 years
- /s/ – 2 years
- /z/ – 2 years
- /sh/- 2.6 years
- /ch/ – 2 years
- /j/ – 2 years
Age process should be eliminated by:
- /f/ – 3 years
- /v/ – 3.5 years
- /th/ – 5 years
- /th/ – 5 years
- /s/ – 3 years
- /z/ – 3.5 years
- /sh/- 4.4 years
- /ch/ – 4.7 years
- /j/ – 4.7 years
Gliding
When the /r/ sound becomes /w/ and /l/ becomes /y/ or /w/.
Age process starts to fade out:
2 Years
Age process should be eliminated by:
6 years
Unusual phonological errors
Backing
Sounds produced further front of the mouth such as /t/ and /d/ are replaced by sounds made towards the back of the mouth such as /c/ and /g/.
Initial consonant deletion
When the initial consonant in a word is not produced (omitted).
Glottal replacement
When the initial consonant in a word is not produced (omitted).
Glottal replacement
When a stop sound made at the glottal is put into the child’s production of a word.
“Saliha using puppets to help children develop the ‘p’ sound.”
Metathesis
The order of the consonants in a word is altered.
Affrication of plosives
When a plosive sound is produced as affricate.
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